Ornithosis/Chlamydiosis / Psittacosis (Chlamydophila psittaci) This disease is caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Transmission Elementary bodies (infective parts of the organism) are commonly found in the loft. They are found on feather dust (bloom), dried faeces, loft surfaces and in respiratory system discharges (aerosols) of infected birds and birds that are carriers. These organisms are then spread by air circulation within the loft. They then settle on the mucous membranes of upper respiratory system and eyes where, depending on the immune status of the bird, can cause mild to severe illness. These organisms can also be transmitted from the hen to the egg (vertical transmission,) resulting in chicks being born with the disease. Symptoms The organism is wide spread and can live in the environment for several weeks. It is unlikely that there are any pigeons that have not been exposed to varying numbers of the organism, with race baskets being the biggest source of infection. Symptoms shown vary tremendously and are very dependent on immune and nutritional status/stress levels etc. of the birds Symptoms most commonly found are:- • Poor race performance. • Unwillingness to fly around loft. • Red throats sometimes with mucous “strings" • Brown wattles especially the area directly above nostril opening. • Conjunctivitis “one eyed coldâ€. Bubbles are often seen in the excessive tears produced. Birds often rub their heads on their wing butts (shoulders). • Respiratory distress. • Green diarrhoea if liver is affected. • Death in severe cases. Diagnosis This can be made in the live bird by doing various tests on blood and throat samples. A rapid test is now available from Medpet where results are available in 10 minutes. Treatment Doxybiotic Plus (Doxybiotic S in cage birds) is the treatment of choice. Various treatment protocols can be used:- • When the disease has been confirmed with laboratory tests, treat for 20 days. • When the disease has been a problem in previous years, treat for 10 days before the race season (April/May in SA) • As a preventative treatment during the race season treat for 3-7 days. • During treatment all sources of Calcium (e.g. grit and minerals) must be removed. • Lewerstim can be added to the Doxybiotic every 3rd day. Enteroplus or Intestum can be given with, and after the Doxybiotic. • Wherever possible, boost immunity with Medimune, Enteroplus, Vitaton 34 and Intestum. • Doxybiotic should be used every 6 weeks during the race season. This is done as a preventative measure. • Avoid stress situations e.g. overcrowding.