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saw an advert for small drinker heaters ,powered by small solar panels ,may be an idea for you eskimos up north to keep the water warm for those penguins you keep, if i can find it will post it on here !
speight .those heaters were similar to the things ive seen in fish tanks ,shaped like test tubes ,never noticed the price , will get back to you if i can remember were i saw the advert ...ray
I was once told by someone that if you put a couple of drops of glycerine in the water this would stop it freezing. Not sure how it works but it is the stuff used in cooking like in jellies etc. must be a link between setting jelly and stopping water freezing. Don't know what though and have not tried it myself.